Evasão no ensino superior: análise sistemática da literatura entre 2010 e 2019 / Dropouts in higher education: systematic analysis of literature between 2010 and 2019 / Evasión en educación superior: análisis sistemático de la literatura entre 2010 y 2019

A evasão universitária é um fenômeno complexo, que se caracteriza pela decisão ativa do abandonar o curso. Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura científica (método PRISMA) acerca da evasão universitária dos últimos dez anos (2010 e 2019) no Portal dos Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Dos 18 artigos analisados, as maiores frequências foram de estudos transversais, publicados entre 2016 e 2019, em periódicos das áreas de Psicologia e da Educação. Maiores frequências de investigações com discentes nos cursos da área "Negócios, administração e direito" e de instituições públicas. Os construtos associados à evasão foram vivências acadêmicas, adaptabilidade de carreira, satisfação com a instituição e autoeficácia na formação superior. Questionários sem estudos psicométricos anteriores foram os instrumentos mais utilizados para mensurar motivos para evasão. Outras discussões e recomendações são apresentadas no decorrer do artigo

University dropout is a complex phenomenon, characterized by the student's active decision to drop out of the course. This study aimed to review the scientific literature (PRISMA method) about university dropouts in the last ten years (2010 and 2019) in the Journal Portal of the Coordination for the Impro-vement of Higher Education Personnel. Of the 18 articles analyzed, the highest frequencies were cross-sectional studies, published between 2016 and 2019, in journals in the fields of Psychology and Education. Higher frequency of investigations with students in courses in the area "Business, administration and law" and in public institutions. The constructs associated with dropout were academic experiences, career adaptability, satisfaction with the institution and self-efficacy in higher education. Questionnaires without previous psychometric studies were the instruments most used to measure reasons for dropout. Other discussions and recommendations are presented throughout the article

La deserción universitaria es un fenómeno complejo, caracterizado por la decisión activa del alumno de abandonar la asignatura. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura científica (método PRISMA) sobre la deserción universitaria en los últimos diez años (2010 y 2019) en el Portal de Revistas de la Coordinación para la Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior. De los 18 artículos analizados, las frecuencias más altas fueron estudios transversales, publicados entre 2016 y 2019, en revistas del ámbito de la Psicología y la Educación. Mayor frecuencia de investigaciones con estudiantes en cursos del área "Negocios, administración y derecho" y en instituciones públicas. Los constructos asociados a la deserción fueron experiencias académicas, adaptabilidad a la carrera, satisfacción con la institución y autoeficacia en la educación superior. Los cuestionarios sin estudios psicométricos previos fueron los instrumentos más utilizados para medir los motivos de abandono. Otras discusiones y recomendaciones se presentan a lo largo del artículo

The Data Generation Mechanism: Relationship Between Constructs and Their Indicators / O Mecanismo de Geração de Dados: Relação entre Construtos e seus Indicadores

Abstract The choice of statistical data analysis should be guided by a critical analysis that supports the theoretical relationship between the construct and its indicators. This theoretical article reviews the three main existing psychometric paradigms and their proposals for explaining the relationship between indicators and their constructs. The discussion begins with the standard paradigm that guides the construction and analysis of data in psychology, reflective model. Then, a description of the formative models is performed and finally the Network Analysis as an alternative. The definitions, consequences, and limitations of the use of each measurement model are presented such as a reflection on making decisions about which data generation mechanisms are more appropriate.

Resumo A escolha da análise estatística de dados deveria ser guiada por uma análise crítica que fundamenta a relação teórica entre construto e seus indicadores. Este teórico artigo faz uma revisão dos três principais paradigmas psicométricos e suas propostas de explicação da relação entre os indicadores e seus construtos. A discussão é iniciada com o paradigma padrão que guia a construção e análise de dados na psicologia, os modelos reflexivos. Em seguida, é realizada uma descrição dos modelos formativos e, por fim, a proposta da Análise de Redes como alternativa. São apresentadas as definições, consequências e limitações do uso de cada modelo de medida, bem como uma reflexão na tomada de decisão sobre quais mecanismos de geração de dados são mais apropriados.

Atitudes frente à testagem e competências requeridas na avaliação psicológica / Attitudes towards testing and skills required in psychological assessment / Actitudes hacia los tests y competencias requeridas en la evaluación psicológica

O desenvolvimento de atitudes frente à testagem e de competências para o bom desempenho na prática da Avaliação Psicológica (AP) é um dos recursos importantes na atuação profissional. Neste estudo, investigou-se as atitudes e competências de psicólogos frente à AP. Participaram da pesquisa 186 psicólogos, de todas as regiões do Brasil, que responderam o Questionário de Identificação, o Questionário de Atitudes de Psicólogos frente à Testagem Psicológica (QAPT) e o Questionário de Competência para Avaliação Psicológica (QCAP). Os resultados indicaram a competência Domínio com melhor relação entre diversas variáveis. A análise de regressão demonstrou que a utilização de testes e formação stricto sensu, são preditoras de maior domínio e possuir mestrado preditor de maior atribuição à importância da competência. Assim, o investimento em estratégias de ensino e prática podem facilitar a experiência profissional, fomentando em atitudes e competências necessárias para uma prática adequada.(AU)

The development of attitudes towards testing and skills for good performance in the practice of Psychological Assessment (PA) is an important resource in the professional practice. This study investigated the attitudes, and competences of psychologists regarding PA. Study participants were 186 psychologists, from all regions of Brazil, who answered the Identification Questionnaire, the Psychologists' Attitudes towards Psychological Testing Questionnaire (QAPT) and the Competence for Psychological Assessment Questionnaire (QCAP). The results showed that the Competence Domain had the strongest relationship with several variables. Regression analysis demonstrated that the use of tests and postgraduate training were predictors of greater proficiency and having a Master's degree was a predictor of greater attribution to the importance of the skill. Therefore, investments in teaching and practice strategies can facilitate professional experience, fostering attitudes and skills necessary for quality practice.(AU)

El desarrollo de actitudes hacia los tests y competencias para el buen desempeño en la práctica de la Evaluación Psicológica (EP) es uno de los recursos cruciales en la práctica profesional. En este estudio, se investigaron las actitudes y competencias de los psicólogos hacia la EP. Participaron de la investigación 186 psicólogos, de todas las regiones de Brasil, que respondieron al Cuestionario de Identificación, al Cuestionario de Actitudes de los Psicólogos hacia los Tests Psicológicos (CATP) y al Cuestionario de Competencias para la Evaluación Psicológica (CCEP). Los resultados indicaron la Competencia Dominio con la mejor relación entre distintas variables. El análisis de regresión mostró que el uso de tests y la formación stricto sensu son predictores de mayor dominio, y tener un título de máster es un predictor de mayor atribución a la importancia de la competencia. Así, la inversión en estrategias de enseñanza y la práctica pueden facilitar la experiencia profesional, fomentando actitudes y habilidades necesarias para una adecuada práctica.(AU)

O Espaço da Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho nos Cursos do Estado de São Paulo / The Space of Organizational and Work Psychology in Courses in the State of São Paulo / El Espacio de Psicología Organizacional y del Trabajo en Cursos en el Estado de São Paulo

Apesar da reformulação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, alguns estudos publicados no cenário nacional ainda demonstram a presença de pouco espaço disponível para a Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho (POT) no processo formativo dos psicólogos no Brasil. O estudo pretende identificar o espaço disponibilizado ao ensino da POT no processo formativo, a partir da caracterização das grades curriculares dos 162 cursos de Psicologia do estado de São Paulo. O procedimento de coleta de dados consistiu em uma pesquisa realizada nos sites das Instituições de Ensino Superior para averiguação das matrizes curriculares. Os cursos apresentaram 0 a 24 disciplinas com uma média de 2,81 disciplinas por curso e 8,2% de espaço voltado às disciplinas e estágios em POT. Há pouco espaço na grade curricular para o ensino de POT. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os resultados das IES públicas e privadas. Houve uma ampliação do ensino da POT de um enfoque técnico e individualista para um enfoque mais sistêmico e político.

Despite the reformulation of the National Curriculum Guidelines, some studies published on the national scene still demonstrate the presence of little space available for Organizational and Work Psychology (POT) in the training process of psychologists in Brazil. The study intends to identify the space available for teaching POT in the formative process, based on the characterization of the curricular grids of the 162 Psychology courses in the State of São Paulo. The data collection procedure consisted of a survey conducted on the websites of Higher Education Institutions to ascertain the curricular matrices. The courses presented 0 to 24 subjects with an average of 2.81 subjects per course and 8.2% of space devoted to subjects and internships in POT. There is little space in the curriculum for teaching POT. There were no significant differences between the results of public and private HEIs. There was an expansion of the teaching of POT from a technical and individualistic approach to a more systemic and political approach.

A pesar de la reformulación de los Lineamientos Curriculares Nacionales, algunos estudios publicados en el escenario nacional aún demuestran la presencia de poco espacio disponible para la Psicología Organizacional y del Trabajo (POT) en el proceso de formación de psicólogos en Brasil. El estudio busca identificar el espacio disponible para la enseñanza de POT en el proceso formativo, a partir de la caracterización de las cuadrículas curriculares de los 162 cursos de Psicología en el estado de São Paulo. El procedimiento de recolección de datos consistió en una encuesta realizada en los sitios web de las Instituciones de Educación Superior para conocer las matrices curriculares. Los cursos presentaron de 0 a 24 asignaturas con un promedio de 2,81 asignaturas por curso y un 8,2% del espacio dedicado a asignaturas y prácticas en POT. Hay poco espacio en el plan de estudios para enseñar POT. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los resultados de las IES públicas y privadas. Hubo una expansión de la enseñanza de POT de un enfoque técnico e individualista a un enfoque más sistémico y político.

Escala Brasileira de Burnout (EBB): Estrutura Interna e Controle de Aquiescência / Brazilian Burnout Scale (BBS): Internal Structure and Acquiescence Control

Resumo Escalas de autorrelato no contexto clínico são suscetíveis a vieses de resposta. A aquiescência pode superestimar uma dimensão geral em estudos fatoriais com esses instrumentos e enviesar os escores dos participantes. A maior parte dos instrumentos clínicos de autorrelato não dispõe de ferramentas para controle de vieses. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a estrutura interna com o controle da aquiescência, da Escala Brasileira de Burnout (EBB). Fizeram parte da amostra 854 trabalhadores. Após o controle da aquiescência, a melhor solução foi um modelo bifactor com dois fatores teóricos (Exaustão Emocional e Frustração Profissional, e Despersonalização/Distanciamento) e um fator geral de viés. A EBB pode ser útil em pesquisas e no rastreio dos sintomas de burnout.

Abstract When used for clinical purposes, self-report scales can be susceptible to the influence of response biases. Acquiescent responding can create artifactual additional factors in self-report assessments of clinical symptoms in factor analysis studies, then biasing the resulting scores. Most of these instruments do not offer the appropriate resources for the control of response biases. Thecurrent study was to investigate the internal structure of the Brazilian Burnout Scale (BBS) while also controlling for acquiescence. Participants were 854 workers. After controlling for acquiescence, the best fitting model was a bifactor model containing two substantive factors (Emotional Exhaustion and Frustration, and Depersonalization/Distancing) plus a response bias factor. The BBS can be useful for the research on and the screening of burnout symptoms.

Age estimation of immature human skeletal remains from mandibular and cranial bone dimensions in the postnatal period.

Age estimation is one of the crucial first steps in the identification of human skeletal remains in both forensic and archeological contexts. In the postnatal period, age is traditionally estimated from dental development or skeletal growth, typically long bone diaphyseal length. However, in many occasions other methods are required. This study provides alternative means of estimating age of juvenile remains from the size of several cranial bones and the mandible. A sample of 185 identified juvenile skeletons between birth and 13 years of age from two European collections were used (Lisbon and Spitalfields). Measurements of the frontal, occipital-lateralis, occipital-basilaris, occipital-squamous, zygomatic, maxilla, and mandible were used to calculate classical calibration regression formulae for the sexes combined. The sample was divided into three age groups birth-2 years, 2-6 years, and 2-12.9 years, depending on bone and its growth trajectory. For all the bones, measurements of the youngest age groups yielded the most precise age estimates. The vault bones on average yielded the best performing models, with the frontal bone having the most precise of all. The mandible performed on par with the best performing cranial bones, particularly in individuals under the age of 2 years. This study provides one of the most comprehensive approaches to juvenile age estimation based on bones of the skull, providing a resource that potentially can help estimate age of juvenile skeletons from a variety of circumstances.

Testing the cross-applicability of juvenile sex estimation from diaphyseal dimensions.

Sex estimation is a crucial component of the biological profile. Stull et al. (2017) have proposed a promising juvenile sex estimation method using long bone measurements taken from a South African sample, providing relatively high classification accuracies and made easy to use via the KidStats web-based app. In this study, we test the models developed by Stull et al. (2017) on an external historic population from Lisbon, Portugal, in order to determine whether the models can be reliably applied to archeological and forensic populations outside of the original population sample. The study sample consisted of 102 individuals (45 females and 57 males) aged under 13 years at death from the Lisbon identified skeletal collection. Measurements from these individuals were used to test the flexible discriminant analysis (FDA) models given by Stull et al. (2017). Allocation accuracies were calculated for boys and girls and children over and under 2 years separately and combined. Our findings show that the models developed by Stull et al. (2017) yield poor accuracy when applied to our external population and thus can potentially be misapplied on archeological skeletal remains or forensic remains of unknown origin. A number of statistical issues may explain why models fail to be transportable or even generalizable, namely multicollinearity, model overfitting and overly optimist bootstrapped cross-validation rates. It is also likely that population differences in size and sexual size dimorphism also affected the applicability of the models. We emphasize the importance of externally validating prediction models, particularly if they are intended to be applied across populations. Our study addresses Stull and co-worker's request for further validation of the method on populations outside of South Africa, as the models cannot be confidently applied in the field until it has been externally validated.

Does age estimated from teeth forming in different early life periods show differential discrepancy with known age?

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to explore growth discrepancies in the dentition of impoverished children and examine how dental development is impacted by environmental influences throughout childhood, thereby identifying which teeth are more sensitive to the effects of biocultural factors and are consequently less useful to predict age. METHODS: Length measurements of developing teeth (deciduous and permanent) were taken from individuals of known age and sex (n = 61) from the Certosa collection, a 19th century skeletal assemblage representing Italian children of low socioeconomic status. Discrepancies between age estimates based on tooth length and chronological age were calculated, and the accuracy and precision of age prediction between earlier forming teeth and later forming teeth were compared. RESULTS: Deciduous teeth produced more precise dental age estimates (mean age discrepancy -0.092 years), while discrepancies between chronological age and age based on developing permanent dentition were larger (-0.628 years). The difference between these discrepancies in age estimates for deciduous and permanent teeth was significant (p < 0.001), indicating that age prediction from deciduous tooth length is more accurate than age predicted using permanent tooth length. CONCLUSION: An increasing variation and delay in tooth length for age reflects increasing susceptibility to biocultural factors, which impacts tooth growth during the course of childhood. Teeth whose development occurs earlier in life are less variable in their growth and provide more accurate estimations of age as a result.

Socioeconomic differences in permanent teeth mineralization of Portuguese girls and boys from Porto, Portugal.

Purpose: Socioeconomic differences in dental maturation can be used to examine the impact of environmental factors on dental maturation. The purpose of this study is to assess socioeconomic differences in dental maturation of the seven permanent mandibular teeth (I1-M2). Methods: A total of 2114 panoramic radiographs of Portuguese children, adolescents and young adults were studied. The sample was divided into a high socioeconomic status (SES) (n = 925), and a low SES group (n = 1189). Ages ranged between 5 and 26 years. Demirjian's stages were used to assess the maturation of the seven mandibular teeth on the left side. Median-age of attainment of each stage and each tooth was calculated and compared between groups using binary logistic regression. Results: Low SES girls showed a consistent advancement in dental maturation across the entire dentition. Low SES boys, however, showed more often a delayed maturation relative to their high SES counterparts, but this pattern was not consistent and a clear socioeconomic difference seems to be absent in boys. Conclusions: While this study was not able to further explore the causes of the dental advancement in girls, it is hypothesized that it might be related to a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, and possibly caries, in low SES girls, compared to the SES difference in prevalence in boys.

Lack of biological mortality bias in the timing of dental formation in contemporary children: Implications for the study of past populations.

OBJECTIVES: Biological mortality bias is the idea that individuals who perish (non-survivors) are biologically distinct from those who survive (survivors). If biological mortality bias is large enough, bioarchaeological studies of nonsurvivors (skeletal samples) cannot accurately represent the experiences of the survivors of that population. This effect is particularly problematic for the study of juvenile individuals, as growth is particularly sensitive to environmental insults. In this study, we test whether biological mortality bias exists in one dimension of growth, namely dental development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postmortem computed tomography scans of 206 children aged 12 years and younger at death were collected from two institutions in the United States and Australia. The sample was separated into children dying from natural causes as proxies for non-survivors and from accidental causes as proxies for survivors. Differences in the timing of dental development were assessed using sequential logistic regressions between dental formation stages and residual analysis of dental minus chronological age. RESULTS: No consistent delay in age of attainment of dental stages was documented between survivors and non-survivors. Delays between survivors and non-survivors in dental relative to chronological age were greatest for infants, and were greater for females than for males. DISCUSSION: Lack of biological mortality bias in dental development reinforces confidence in juvenile age estimates and therefore in skeletal growth profiles and growth studies. As dental development is known to be less environmentally sensitive than skeletal growth and development, further studies should examine biological mortality bias in long bone length.

Juvenile Body Mass Estimation from the Femur Using Postmortem Computed Tomography Data.

Skeletal estimation methods to reconstruct the juvenile biological profile are largely limited to those estimating age and, to a lesser extent, sex. While body mass is not generally estimated as part of the biological profile in forensic investigations, this is a logical candidate for inclusion in the forensic biological profile, as it has long been of interest in paleoanthropology and several methods to estimate juvenile body mass currently exist. To explore the performance of body mass estimation for juveniles, the authors tested the accuracy and precision of previously published panel regression formulae using two femoral measurements: the breadth of the distal metaphysis and the cross-sectional polar moment of inertia (J). The test sample consisted of measurements of 94 individuals from birth to 12.5 years of age, taken from postmortem computed tomography scans housed at the Office of the Medical Investigator, New Mexico, USA. Results indicate that body mass estimates are more accurate when estimated from cross-sectional than from metaphyseal measures. Both formulae, however, consistently underestimated weight, and the magnitude of the underestimation increased exponentially with age. This suggests that, contrary to what others have argued, body mass estimation is complicated by population variation in body composition. This study reinforces the importance of documenting and investigating the ontogeny of human variation. The global increase in medical imaging in clinical settings can be leveraged to obtain skeletal data for juveniles from a wide range of ontogenic environments, marking an exciting time for the study of human variation.

Sintomas depressivos em condutores e riscos no trânsito: é possível traçar paralelos? / Depressive symptoms in drivers and risks in traffic: is it possible to draw parallels? / Síntomas depresivos en conductores y riesgos en el tránsito: ¿es posible dibujar paralelos?

A depressão é um transtorno de humor que pode implicar em falta de esperança, desvalorização da própria vida e ideações suicidas. Este artigo teve como objetivo verificar a associação entre o nível de sintomas depressivos de condutores de veículos automotores e a predisposição para assumir riscos no trânsito. Participaram indivíduos habilitados em qualquer categoria, sendo 69 mulheres e 72 homens. Foram utilizados os instrumentos: Questionário de Comportamento do Condutor, Escala Baptista de Depressão Versão Adulto e Questionário Sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicaram correlação significativa e positiva entre nível de sintomatologia depressiva e predisposição para assumir riscos no trânsito (r=0,227; p<0,05). Em especial, a falta de esperança se correlacionou com uma predisposição maior para correr riscos no trânsito (r=0,192; p<0,05). A partir dos resultados são realizadas discussões e sugestões visando o aprimoramento na atuação de psicólogos que trabalham diretamente com o sistema trânsito.

Depression is a mood disorder that can lead to lack of hope, devaluation of one's life and even suicidal ideation. This study aimed to verify the association between the level of depressive symptoms of drivers and the predisposition to take risks in traffic. Participants qualified in any category, being 69 women and 72 men (n=141). The following instruments were used: Conductor Behavior Questionnaire, Baptist Depression Scale Adult Version, Sociodemographic Questionnaire. The results indicated a significant and positive correlation between level of depressive symptomatology and predisposition to take risks in traffic (r= 0.227; p<0.05). In particular, lack of hope correlated with a greater predisposition to take risks in traffic (r=0.192; p<0.05). Based on the results, discussions and suggestions are made to improve the performance of psychologists who work directly with the transit system.

La depresión es un trastorno de humor que puede implicar en falta de esperanza, devaluación de la propia vida e incluso de ideaciones suicidas. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo verificar la asociación entre el nivel de síntomas depresivos de conductores y la predisposición para asumir riesgos en el tránsito. Participaron personas habilitadas en cualquier categoría, siendo 69 mujeres y 72 hombres (n=141). Se utilizaron los instrumentos: Cuestionario de Comportamiento del Conductor, Escala Baptista de Depresión Versión Adulto e Cuestionario Sociodemográfico. Los resultados indicaron correlación significativa y positiva entre el nivel de sintomatología depresiva y predisposición para asumir riesgos en el tránsito (r=0,227; p<0,05). En especial la falta de esperanza se correlacionó con una predisposición mayor para correr riesgos en el tránsito (r=0,192; p<0,05). Con base en los resultados, se realizan discusiones y sugerencias para mejorar el desempeño de los psicólogos que trabajan directamente con el sistema de tránsito.

Desafios do ensino da avaliação psicológica no Brasil: adaptando ações / Challenges in teaching psychological assessment in Brazil: adapting actions / Desafíos en la enseñanza de la evaluación psicológica en Brasil: adaptación de acciones

A pandemia da Covid-19 exigiu muitas mudanças em diversas áreas da Psicologia, como, por exemplo, a Avaliação Psicológica. Formas de ensino na modalidade presencial não se mostraram eficientes na modalidade remota e foi preciso uma adaptação cuidadosa que não fragilizasse o ensino e cuidasse das técnicas utilizadas, como os testes psicológicos. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é discutir a formação em Avaliação Psicológica, contudo, dessa vez, a luz do desafio decorrente da vivência da pandemia de Covid-19. Pretende-se, dessa maneira, oferecer subsídios para um ensino de qualidade para o momento vivido atualmente. (AU)

The Covid-19 pandemic required many changes in several areas of Psychology, such as Psychological Assessment. The face-to-face teaching methods did not prove efficient in the remote modality and thus there was a need for a careful adaptation that would address techniques, such as psychological assessments, without impairing learning. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss training in psychological assessment, in light of the challenge resulting from the experience of the Covid-19 pandemic. Hence, we intend to offer subsidies for quality training in psychological assessment for the moment currently experienced. (AU)

La pandemia de Covid-19 requirió muchos cambios en varias áreas de la psicología, como la evaluación psicológica. Los métodos de enseñanza en la modalidad presencial no resultaron eficientes en la modalidad remota, y se requirió una cuidadosa adaptación que no debilitara la docencia y cuidara las técnicas utilizadas, como las pruebas psicológicas. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio es discutir la formación en Evaluación Psicológica, sin embargo, esta vez, a la luz del desafío que surge de la experiencia de la pandemia Covid-19. De esta forma, se pretende ofrecer subvenciones para la educación de calidad para el momento que estamos viviendo. (AU)

Do organizational support and occupational stressors influence Burnout in teachers? / O suporte laboral e os estressores ocupacionais Influenciam o Burnout em professores? / ¿El apoyo laboral y los factores de estrés ocupacionales influyen en el Burnout de los docentes?

This study evaluated the relationship between perceived work support, occupational stressors and burnout in a sample of 102 teachers, testing a model based on structural equations. The Labor Support Scale (ESUL), the Workplace Stress Vulnerability Scale (EVENT) and the Brazilian Burnout Scale (EBB) were applied. From the results, the EBB correlated positively and moderately with the EVENT and negatively and with a weak magnitude with the ESUL. The EVENT and ESUL presented a negative and weak correlation. Using the path analysis model, stressors at work mediated the relationship between work support and burnout. The social interaction dimension (ESUL) predicted the climate and organizational functioning (EVENT), which in turn directly impacted emotional exhaustion/professional frustration and depersonalization/detachment (EBB). The study demonstrates the importance of investigating these constructs in the school context, aiming to support the planning of interventions and the reduction of stressors and burnout indicators. (AU)

Esta pesquisa avaliou a relação entre percepção de suporte laboral, estressores ocupacionais e burnout em uma amostra de 102 professores, testando um modelo baseado em equações estruturais. A Escala de Suporte Laboral (ESUL), Escala de Vulnerabilidade ao Estresse no Trabalho (EVENT) e Escala Brasileira de Burnout (EBB) foram aplicadas. Dos resultados, a EBB correlacionou positiva e moderadamente com EVENT, e negativamente e de magnitude fraca com ESUL. EVENT e ESUL correlacionaram negativamente e com magnitude fraca. Pelo modelo de path analysis, estressores no trabalho mediaram a relação entre suporte laboral e burnout. A dimensão interação social (ESUL) prediz o clima e funcionamento organizacional (EVENT), que, por sua vez, impacta diretamente na exaustão emocional/frustração profissional e despersonalização/distanciamento (EBB). O estudo demonstra a importância de se investigar os referidos construtos no contexto escolar, visando tanto o planejamento de intervenções quanto a diminuição dos estressores e indicadores de burnout. (AU)

Esta investigación evaluó la relación entre el apoyo laboral percibido, los estresores ocupacionales y el burnout en una muestra de 102 profesores, probando un modelo basado en ecuaciones estructurales. Se aplicaron la Escala de Apoyo Laboral (ESUL), la Escala de Vulnerabilidad al Estrés Laboral (EVENT) y la Escala Brasileña de Burnout (EBB). A partir de los resultados, EBB se correlacionó positiva y moderadamente con EVENT y negativamente y de magnitud débil con ESUL. EVENT y ESUL se correlacionaron negativamente y con magnitud débil. A través del modelo path analysis, los factores de estrés en el trabajo mediaron la relación entre el apoyo laboral y el burnout. La dimensión de interacción social (ESUL) predice el clima y el funcionamiento organizacional (EVENT), que a su vez, impacta directamente en el agotamiento emocional/frustración profesional y en la despersonalización/distanciamiento (EBB). El estudio demuestra la importancia de investigar estos constructos en el contexto escolar, indicando tanto a la planificación de intervenciones como a la reducción de factores estresantes e indicios de burnout. (AU)

Habilidades sociais profissionais e indicadores de ansiedade e depressão em gestores / Professional social skills and indicators of anxiety and depression in managers / Habilidades sociales profesionales e indicadores de ansiedad y depresión en gestores

Resumo A busca por profissionais comprometidos com o trabalho e que saibam estabelecer relações pessoais saudáveis e produtivas é o grande desafio atual dos setores de gestão de pessoas, que precisam investir cada vez mais em desenvolvimento humano e na qualidade das interações profissionais. Uma temática de análise que tem ganhado destaque nesse cenário é a de habilidades sociais profissionais. O presente estudo avaliou o repertório de habilidades sociais profissionais manifestadas nos comportamentos de 43 gestores atuantes em setores administrativos de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) Pública, assim como os indicadores de depressão e ansiedade e possíveis associações entre os construtos. Foram aplicados os instrumentos: Inventário de Habilidades Sociais Profissionais de Gestores (IHSP-G), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). Os resultados demonstraram que as categorias do IHSP-G com menores médias entre os gestores foram: Cumprimentos de Metas e Objetivos Profissionais, Gestão de Pessoas e Resoluções de Conflitos no Trabalho. Nos dados do BAI a pontuação média indicou ansiedade moderada, enquanto no BDI constatou-se a ausência de indicadores de depressão. Foram encontradas correlações negativas entre as categorias do IHSP-G e os instrumentos BAI e BDI. Pode-se formular a hipótese de que gestores habilidosos apresentam menores indicadores de depressão e ansiedade.(AU)

Abstract The quest for professionals committed to work and able to establish healthy and productive personal relationships is the greatest modern challenge to People Management, spurring increasing investments in human development and quality professional interactions. In this scenario, professional social skills is a subject of analysis that has gained prominence. This research evaluated the repertoire of professional social skills in 43 managers in the administrative sectors of a public higher education institution, as well as indicators of depression and anxiety and possible associations between these constructs. For that, the following instruments were used: Management Professional Social Skills Inventory (MPSSI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The results show that managers reached the lowest means in accomplishment of professional aims and objectives, people management, and resolution of conflicts at work. The mean score at the BAI indicates moderate anxiety and, and BDI suggests the absence of depression indicators. Negative correlations between MPSSI categories and both BAI and BDI were found. Thus, this study hypothesis is that skilled managers have lower depression and anxiety indicators.(AU)

Resumen La búsqueda de profesionales comprometidos con el trabajo y que sepan establecer relaciones personales saludables y productivas constituye el gran desafío actual de los sectores de gestión de personas, que necesita inversiones cada vez más en el desarrollo humano y en la calidad de las interacciones profesionales. Un tema de análisis que ha ganado destaque en este escenario es el de habilidades sociales profesionales. Este estudio evaluó el repertorio de habilidades sociales profesionales presentes en los comportamientos de 43 gestores que trabajan en sectores administrativos de una Institución de Enseñanza Superior (IES) pública, así como los indicadores de depresión y ansiedad, con las posibles asociaciones entre los constructos. Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: Inventario de Habilidades Sociales Profesionales de Gestores (IHSP-G), Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI). Los resultados demostraron que el cumplimiento de metas y objetivos profesionales, la gestión de personas y las resoluciones de conflictos en el trabajo fueron las categorías del IHSP-G que presentaron las menores medias entre los gestores. En los datos del BAI el promedio de puntaje indicó ansiedad moderada, mientras que en el BDI apuntó ausencia de indicadores de depresión. Se encontraron correlaciones negativas entre las categorías del ISHP-G y los instrumentos BAI y BDI. Se puede hipotetizar que los gestores habilidosos presentan menores indicadores de depresión y ansiedad.(AU)

Comment on 'Krapina atlases suggest a high prevalence of anatomical variations in the first cervical vertebra of Neanderthals'.

A review of the observation of an anterior cleft on the atlas of a Neanderthal from Krapina.

Severe skeletal lesions, osteopenia and growth deficit in a child with pulmonary tuberculosis (mid-20th century, Portugal).

OBJECTIVE: This case-study provides a summary of skeletal lesions seen in a case of diagnosed juvenile pulmonary tuberculosis with extensive multifocal bony lesions. MATERIALS: Skeleton of a 9-year-old girl who died in the 1940s in Lisbon, Portugal. The remains of this individual are part of the Lisbon skeletal reference collection curated at the National Museum of Natural History and Science. METHODS: Lesions and paleopathological conditions were identified and documented through macroscopic, radiographic, computed tomographic, and mammographic analysis. RESULTS: The skeleton shows a variety of lytic lesions on the ribs and thoracic vertebrae including complete destruction of the bodies and fusion of the vertebral arches of four vertebrae, kyphosis, and scoliosis. Further pathological conditions were identified, including bone erosion, premature fusion of the left femoral head and greater trochanter, and abnormal size and shape changes to the lower limbs including loss of bone mass and stunting of the long bones. CONCLUSIONS: Skeletal lesions are indicative of spondylitis, Pott's disease, and prolonged bedrest. SIGNIFICANCE: This case is one of the few examples of confirmed juvenile pulmonary tuberculosis with skeletal lesions prior to the antibiotic era. As such, it provides a reference for the skeletal abnormalities which may be observed in archaeological tuberculosis cases. LIMITATIONS: Pulmonary tuberculosis was recorded as cause of death, however there is no documentation to know the length of illness period or the existence of any comorbidities. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: Consideration of multi-focal lesions is recommended when analyzing individuals with suspected tuberculosis.

Evaluating innovation development among Brazilian micro and small businesses in view of management level: Insights from the local innovation agents program.

This research aims to analyze management and innovation patterns among micro and small businesses (MSBs) that participated during 2015-2016 in the Local Innovation Agents (LIA) Program from the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (SEBRAE). Complemented by factor analyses, two-step cluster analysis was applied on 6674 MSBs' management dimensions to identify group patterns and statistical tests explored further cluster differences regarding management and innovation dimensions, besides innovation improvement throughout the program. Results were multifaceted. First, complementary factor analyses showed that management dimensions compose one factor with similar loadings, thus in accordance with their predictive importance found in the cluster analysis. Second, two main clusters were identified in terms of management level, which also presented significant differences regarding innovation levels. Third, considering a before-and-after self-comparison, by and large, innovation was significantly improved by both clusters. Fourth, the highest developed cluster presented higher improvement rates in most innovation dimensions, thus benefiting more from the program, except for two marketing-related innovations, which improved similarly by both clusters. Overall, even though the LIA Program was effective to leverage MSBs innovation, higher efficiency rates would be bounded to fewer participating MSBs, and hence policy planners should be aware of this tradeoff.

Historical, demographic, curatorial and legal aspects of the BoneMedLeg human skeletal reference collection (Porto, Portugal).

The BoneMedLeg research project was developed to address current research concerns related to the use of skeletal reference collections for forensic purposes. These concerns were partly addressed by amassing a new reference collection which incorporates unclaimed human remains sourced from two municipal cemeteries in the city of Porto, Portugal. Amassed between 2012 and 2014 the collection was developed with permission from and in partnership with the Municipality of Porto, in a manner that is similar to that of other skeletal reference collections in Portugal. Traditionally, municipalities have bequeathed human remains that are cleared from temporary primary and secondary burial plots at local cemeteries and deemed unclaimed, to museums and universities for research purposes. The BoneMedLeg collection currently includes a total of 95 individuals, of which only 81 are fully identified (38 males and 43 females), with ages ranging from 21 days to 94 years, and a mean age of about 62 years. Years of death range from 1969 to 2003, and years of birth from 1891 to 1969. Only about half of the individuals are documented as to cause of death, which includes a considerable diversity of etiologies, from oncological to cardiovascular system disorders, and also traumatic injuries. The collection is more representative of an unskilled working class and aged population, due to one of the main sourced cemeteries disproportionately serving more socioeconomic disadvantaged communities and reflecting the demographics of the city over the past 40 years. In addition to describing the history and curatorial process of the collection in detail, this paper also discusses its broad legal framework and potential biases in its profile and composition which can inform and help plan future research projects.